Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia Willing to Strengthen Energy, Investment Cooperation 

ASTANA — Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and Saudi Arabian Minister of Energy Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud discussed prospects of developing energy and investment cooperation during a...


AIFC Participants Get Wider Access to Kazakhstan’s Financial Market

ASTANA – The list of financial services that participants of the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) can provide to Kazakhstan residents has been expanded, reported the AIFC...


Kazakhstan’s Employment: Women Make Up 48.3% of Total Employed Population

ASTANA – Some 4,370,715 women – that is 48.3% of the total employed population – work in Kazakhstan, according to a March 6 report by the Kazakh...


Kazakhstan Ships 100,000 Tons of Oil to Germany in February

ASTANA – KazTransOil national oil transporter shipped 100,000 tons of oil to Germany in February, reported the company’s press service on March 6. KazTransOil supplied oil via...


East Kazakhstan to Introduce SpaceX Starlink Internet in 171 Rural Schools

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is set to introduce broadband internet in 171 rural schools in the East Kazakhstan Region using SpaceX Starlink technology, reported the region’s akimat (administration)...


Air Astana Cancels Frankfurt Flights Amid German Airport Strike

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s flagship airline Air Astana has canceled flights KC921/KC922 Astana-Frankfurt-Astana on March 7 following the announced strike of aviation security employees at Frankfurt Airport, reported...


Kazakhstan Presents National Model of Continuous Inclusive Education in Geneva 

ASTANA – More than 86 percent of schools in Kazakhstan have created conditions for inclusive education, Vice Minister of Education Yedil Ospan said at the 30th Session...


Kazakhstan Gears Up for International Women’s Day with Flourishing Flower Imports in 2023

ASTANA – As Kazakhstan approaches the celebration of International Women’s Day on March 8th, flowers take center stage as a cherished tradition. Last year, the country witnessed...


“Trailblazers of Steppes” Book Celebrates 50 Inspiring Kazakh Women in Business

ASTANA – To create space for women’s voices and stories in entrepreneurship, Shumaila Yousafzai, an associate professor in entrepreneurship at Nazarbayev University, profiled the achievements of 50...


Anniversary Forum of National Commission Marks Progress in Female Empowerment

ASTANA – The National Commission for Women’s Affairs, Family and Demographic Policy in Kazakhstan held its 25th anniversary forum in Astana on March 6. The discourse covered...


President of Indonesia Explores Kazakhstan’s Sergek Transport Platform

ASTANA – Indonesia’s President Joko Widodo got acquainted with the Kazakh-developed transport platform Sergek, launched in pilot mode in Nusantara’s satellite city Balikpapan during a working visit...


Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia Launch Innovation Hub in Riyadh

ASTANA — A new Kazakh-Saudi innovation hub, named after the great medieval scholar and outstanding Islamic philosopher Abu Nasr al-Farabi, who was born on the territory of...


Holy Month of Ramadan Begins on March 11

ASTANA – The holy month of Ramadan will commence on March 11, according to the general fatwa endorsed by the Shariah and Fatwa Department of Kazakhstan’s Spiritual...


Exciting Events for International Women’s Day Celebration

ASTANA — As the International Women’s Day celebrated on March 8 approaches, Astana and Almaty springs to life with anticipation, offering a bouquet of thematic events tailored...


Kazakh Foreign Minister Takes Part in Extraordinary OIC Session in Jeddah

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu took part in the extraordinary session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of...


Kazakhstan Achieves Top Scores in Three Indicators of World Bank’s Working Women Index

ASTANA – Kazakhstan earned a “perfect score” of 100 points in three indicators, including freedom of movement, marriage, and gender differences in property and inheritance, according to...


Kazakh-Azerbaijani Fund to Prioritize Port Infrastructure Development

ASTANA – The Kazakh-Azerbaijani investment fund, currently under development by Samruk Kazyna National Welfare Fund and an Azerbaijani investment holding, will focus on enhancing the port infrastructure...


Kazakh PM Urges Streamlining Investment Procedures, Reducing Barriers

ASTANA – Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov directed state agencies to streamline investment project launch procedures, urging for a swift evaluation of support measures and proposing improvements...


Invest in Women: Accelerate Progress 

The fight for women’s rights over the past fifty years is a story of progress.  Women and girls have demolished barriers, dismantled stereotypes and driven progress towards...


Kazakh Business Activity Index Increases in February 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s Business Activity Index (BAI), which measures the state of the economy in the real sector, showed an increase in February, as reported by the...


Astana Hub Recognized as Apple Authorized Training Center for Education

ASTANA – Astana Hub technology park has been recognized as an Apple Authorized Training Center for Education, reported its Telegram channel on March 4. The center provides...


International Day for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Awareness: Kazakhstan’s Significant Role

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is one of the acknowledged world leaders in non-proliferation with a vast experience in nuclear disarmament. Kazakhstan is known as a peaceful country, prioritizing...


Exploring Law in Eurasia: Insights from IAC Eurasia Arbitration Week 2024

ASTANA — The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) International Arbitration Centre (IAC) launched the Eurasia Arbitration Week 2024 (EAW24) on March 5. The session, Arbitration in Eurasia...


Kazakhstan Simplifies Cargo Transportation Procedure on Uzbek Border

ASTANA – Kazakhstan will simplify cargo transportation with Uzbekistan from April, reported the Transport Ministry’s press service on March 5. The pilot project provides for issuing permits...


President Tokayev Meets With Senate Chair, Outlines Tasks for 2024

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with Chairperson of Senate, an upper house of the Parliament, Maulen Ashimbayev on March 5 to discuss the Senate’s work...


Kazakhstan Opens National Pavilion at Mining Convention in Toronto

ASTANA – Kazakh Minister of Industry and Construction Kanat Sharlapaev took part in the opening of the national pavilion at the 2024 Prospectors and Developers Association of...


IAC Opens Eurasia Arbitration Week in Astana

ASTANA – The International Arbitration Center (IAC) opened its Eurasia Arbitration Week (EAW) 2024 on March 5, reported the center’s press service. The event will run until...


Kazakhstan’s Renewable Energy Sector Gains Momentum with 146 Facilities in Operation

ASTANA — The Kazakh Ministry of Energy released a report on the country’s burgeoning landscape of renewable energy, boasting 146 operational renewable energy facilities exceeding 100 kilowatts...


New Frontiers in Kazakh-UK Cooperation: Opening of Center, Oxford Qazaq Dictionary and Educational Projects 

ASTANA – Education and culture have long been central pillars of the enduring partnership between the United Kingdom and Kazakhstan. The latest developments in cooperation between the...


Kazakh Tourism Chairman Reveals Hidden Gems, Tauts Sustainable Tourism, Authenticity

ASTANA – Kazakhstan, a country where astronauts return to Earth and ancient traditions thrive in modern cities, is on the brink of a tourism renaissance as the...


Kazakhstan Reiterates Commitment to Cooperation Within OIC

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu highlighted Kazakhstan’s commitment to interaction within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) at a March 4...


Kazakhstan, US Strengthen Partnership in Geological Exploration with AI Integration

ASTANA – Minister of Industry and Construction Kanat Sharlapayev expressed Kazakhstan’s intention to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into geological exploration processes at a roundtable with Paul Johnson,...


IDB Implements Nearly 70 Projects in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – The Islamic Development Bank’s (IDB) group has implemented around 70 projects worth over $1.6 billion in Kazakhstan. This was announced during a March 4 meeting...


President Tokayev Attends Oath-Taking Ceremony of AIFC Court Chief Justice

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev attended the official oath-taking ceremony of The Lord Ian Burnett of Maldon, the newly appointed Chief Justice of the Astana International Financial...


Google Training in Almaty Provides Central Asian Youth with Tech Opportunities

ASTANA – More than 1,000 young people from Central Asian countries completed the Google Cloud and Machine Learning training program in Almaty. As a result, 20 students...


Kazakhstan Enhances Strategic Partnership with OPANAL in Nuclear Safety

ASTANA – Kazakh Ambassador to Mexico Timur Primbetov had a comprehensive discussion with Flavio Roberto Bonzanini, Secretary General of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons...


Kazakhstan Opens Innovation Hub in Dubai 

ASTANA – The Qaz Steppe Innovation Hub of promising Kazakh startups opened at the pavilion of Kazakhstan’s trade house in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), on...


Kazakhstan Extends Voluntary Oil Production Cut for Second Quarter of 2024

ASTANA — Kazakhstan has announced an extension of its additional voluntary production cut of 82,000 barrels per day into the second quarter of 2024 on March 3,...


Kazakhstan Participates in Antalya Diplomacy Forum 2024

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu took part in the third edition of the Antalya Diplomacy Forum (ADF) 2024 on March 1-3...


Earthquake Hits Almaty, Residents Evacuate Buildings

ASTANA — Residents of Almaty experienced a significant earthquake on March 4, prompting mass evacuations and emergency response measures, the Ministry of Emergency Situations announced on its...


KMG’s Production Highlights in 2023: New Fields, Enhanced Shipments, Sustainable Growth

ASTANA – The KazMunayGas (KMG) national oil and gas company published production results over the past year on the company’s official website in late February. Recent accomplishments...


UN Expert Warns of Land Degradation Risks in Central Asia

ASTANA – Land degradation is among the biggest threats to Central Asia, making the region susceptible to drought, sand and dust storms, and overall economic decline, which...


Kazakh Scientists Discover Dinosaurs and Ancient Creatures in Prehistorical Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Deep within Kazakhstan’s history lies a treasure trove of prehistoric wonders, where massive dinosaurs and majestic mammoths once roamed the land. Valentina Aliyasova, a candidate...


Standard & Poor’s Keeps Stable Outlook for Kazakhstan’s Sovereign Credit Rating 

ASTANA – Standard & Poor’s international rating agency has reaffirmed Kazakhstan’s sovereign credit rating at BBB-/A-3, maintaining a stable outlook, on March 1, reported the Kazakh Ministry...


Assembly of People of Kazakhstan Acknowledges Contributions on Gratitude Day

ASTANA – The Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan (APK) held a teleconference on Gratitude Day at the Friendship House in Astana. The event expressed gratitude to...


Kazakhstan and Japan Discuss Resumption of Air Travel 

ASTANA — Chair of the Civil Aviation Committee Saltanat Tompiyeva, and Ambassador of Japan to Kazakhstan Yamada Jun held a meeting on Feb. 29 to discuss the...


Francophonie Spring Festival Kicks Off in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – The Francophonie Spring 2024 Festival kicked off on March 1 in Kazakhstan, promoting French language and Francophone cultures. The Embassies of Belgium, Canada, Morocco, Romania,...


News Digest: Foreign Media on Kazakhstan’s Dedication to Nuclear Disarmament, Enhanced Collaboration with Uzbekistan and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has picked a selection of articles from global media outlets on news about Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest includes articles on...


World Bank Presents Key Findings of Latest Study on Middle Corridor in Tbilisi

ASTANA – The World Bank presented the key findings of its latest study on the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), also known as the Middle Corridor, at...


SCO Roundtable in Nairobi: Kazakhstan Leads Environmental Security Discussion

ASTANA – The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Secretariat held a roundtable discussion under Kazakhstan’s chairmanship on environmental security in Nairobi, Kenya, on Feb. 26, reported the SCO...


Kazakhstan and US Bolster Cooperation in Energy and Mining Sectors

ASTANA – Kazakh Minister of Industry and Construction Kanat Sharlapayev paid a working visit to the United States to expand cooperation with the U.S. International Development Finance...


Kazakh PM Briefs President Tokayev on Socio-Economic Development 

ASTANA – Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov presented a report on the socio-economic situation in Kazakhstan and plans for ensuring the country’s economic growth during a meeting with...


President Tokayev Highlights National Olympic Committee’s Agenda During Meeting with Golovkin

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev highlighted the priorities of the National Olympic Committee’s (NOC) work at a meeting with Gennadiy Golovkin, its newly appointed president, on Feb....


Kazakh and Turkish FMs Reiterate Commitment to Strengthening Cooperation 

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu met with Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan on Feb. 29 as part of his participation in...


Kazakhstan Sends 2,000 Tons of Diesel Fuel as Humanitarian Aid to Kyrgyz Republic 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan allocated 2,000 tons of diesel fuel as humanitarian aid to the Kyrgyz Republic in addressing the aftermath of the accident at the Bishkek Thermal...


President Tokayev Congratulates People on Gratitude Day in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev congratulated the nation on the Day of Gratitude celebrated on March 1, reported the Akorda press service. “This is an...


Eight Przewalski’s Horses to Return to Kazakhstan in Summer 

ASTANA – On June 3, two CASA C-295 aircrafts of the Czech Air Force will transport eight Przewalski’s horses to Kazakhstan. After landing in the Arkalyk Airport,...


Kazakh Athlete Tsyrulnikov Empowers Rural Youth Through Sports and Philanthropy

ASTANA – Novorybinka village in the Akkol district of the Akmola Region has become part of the unique 100 Villages project initiated by Sergey Tsyrulnikov, a Kazakh...


Kazakhstan’s Commissioner for Children’s Rights Sheds Light on Recent Reforms in Exclusive Interview

ASTANA – The Commissioner for Children’s Rights in Kazakhstan Dinara Zakiyeva has been at the forefront of recent reforms aimed at safeguarding the well-being and rights of...


Kazakhstan Provides More Than 90% of Government Services Online

ASTANA – Kazakhstan provides 92% of all government services online, with 85% of them available from a mobile phone, Minister of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry...


Kazakhstan Celebrates Gratitude Day, Honoring Country’s Diversity and Hospitality 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan celebrates Gratitude Day on March 1, emphasizing the importance of fostering unity among its diverse population. This day serves as an occasion for ethnic...


Kazakhstan’s City Venues Offer Cultural Wonders for Spring Season Opening 

ASTANA — As the spring season arrives, Astana and Almaty are buzzing with excitement for weekends filled with cultural, musical, and entertaining events. From enchanting concerts to...


Family Support Centers in Kazakhstan to Shelter Domestic Violence Victims

ASTANA – Victims of domestic violence will now have access to shelter through Family Support Centers, as per a bill approved during the second reading by the...


Interfaith and Intercultural Dialogue: Framework of Global Relationships 

In the age of communications and mobilities, cultural and religious characteristics of people have become increasingly visible and influential in global relationships. International relations discourse is allocating...


EDB Proposes Solutions to Enhance Economic Cooperation Among Eurasian Countries

ASTANA – The Eurasian Development Bank published the report titled Economic Cooperation in Eurasia: Practical Solutions on Feb. 26, offering pragmatic solutions aimed at fostering economic cooperation...


Kazakhstan Issues Guidelines for Transition to Single Time Zone

ASTANA – Kazakhstan will switch to a single time zone (UTC+5) from 12 a.m. on March 1 following a government decree on time calculation procedures. From the...


Kazakhstan, Switzerland Bolster Investment Collaboration

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu discussed the investment projects within Kazakhstan’s key economic sectors with the leadership of Swiss companies INOKS...


CICA Transformation to Enhance Asia’s Global Role, Says Secretary General 

ASTANA – The transformation of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) into a full-fledged organization outlines new benchmarks within Kazakhstan’s second two-year chairmanship....


Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan Outpaces Expectations

ASTANA – In recent years, Kazakhstan has been experiencing rapid growth in the automotive industry. In 2023, the country produced over 148,000 cars, which is 30% more...


President Tokayev Launches Xi’an Logistics Terminal, Marking Milestone in Kazakh-China Cooperation

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev participated in a teleconference launching the transportation and logistics terminal in Chinese Xi’an, a joint project between Kazakhstan and China, on...


Kazakh Cultural Center to Open in China: Mutual Cooperation From Theater to Films

ASTANA – During Kazakh Minister of Culture and Information Aida Balayeva’s working visit to China on Feb. 27, discussions centered on plans to bolster cultural collaboration between...


Kazakh Government Approves Five-Year Astana Development Plan

ASTANA – The comprehensive development plan of Astana agglomeration for 2024-2028 was adopted at a government meeting chaired by Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov on Feb. 27,...


Concerts and Charity Events to Mark Gratitude Day This Week in Astana

ASTANA – Along with festive decorations on the capital’s streets, the Day of Gratitude, celebrated on March 1, will be marked with charitable events, exhibitions, concerts and...


2023 Is Most Profitable Year in Kazakhstan, Says CEO of Al Hilal Islamic Bank

ASTANA – In a recent interview, Gordon Haskins, the CEO and Chairman of the Management Board of Al Hilal Islamic Bank, provided insights into the bank’s activities...


Kazakhstan Affirms Nuclear Disarmament as Key Foreign Policy Focus at Conference in Geneva

ASTANA – Nuclear disarmament remains Kazakhstan’s top priority in foreign policy, said Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan Murat Nurtleu at the high-level...


Nomads’ Fire Concert Ignites Kazakh Traditional Music with Modern Flair

ASTANA – The State Academic Philharmonic, named after Erkegali Rakhmadiyev, delighted the Astana audience with traditional Kazakh musical pieces in modern processing at Nomads’ Fire concert on...


President Tokayev Chairs Key Meeting on Enhancing National Security Strategy

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s Security Council discussed upgrading the main approaches to implementing the National Security Strategy at a Feb. 27 meeting chaired by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, reported...


Four Teams to Represent Kazakhstan at FIRST Robotics World Championship in US

ASTANA – Following the Central Asia FIRST Championship in Astana, four Kazakh teams earned the opportunity to represent their country at the FIRST Robotics World Championship in...


Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy Priorities and Democratic Processes in UN Spotlight

ASTANA – During his visit to Geneva on Feb. 26, Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu met with heads of international organizations to discuss...


QazTrade Reveals Key Non-Oil Exports of Kazakhstan in 2023

ASTANA – QazTrade Trade Policy Development Center has disclosed the primary goods of Kazakhstan’s non-oil exports in 2023, Kazinform reported on Feb. 26. Exports of inorganic chemical...


Kazakhstan Exports One Million Tons of Cargo to China in January

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s cargo exports to China exceeded last year’s figure by 43% and reached one million tons in January, Samruk Kazyna Sovereign Wealth Fund’s press service...


Cargo Transportation Through Middle Corridor Soars 147% in January

ASTANA – Cargo transportation via the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) reached 274,200 tons in January, a 147% increase compared to last year, as was reported during...


Close-Up Look at Kazakhstan’s Foreign Trade: China Becomes Top Trade Partner, as Non-Commodity Exports to Asia Rise

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s foreign trade turnover reached $139.8 billion in 2023, an increase of 3.2% compared to the previous year. China has become the country’s largest trade...


Kazakh FM Stresses Country’s Human Rights Progress at UN Council in Geneva 

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu highlighted Kazakhstan’s achievements in improving its national human rights system and outlined further priorities at the...


President Tokayev Commends Advances in Healthcare, Industry During Visit to East Kazakhstan Region

ASTANA — President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev arrived on a working visit to the East Kazakhstan Region on Feb. 26, commencing his visit at the Center for...


Kazakhstan Showcases Agricultural Water-Saving Expertise at Global Exhibition 

ASTANA – Deputy Agriculture Minister Azat Sultanov discussed Kazakhstan’s advancements in water-saving technologies and sustainable water resource management at the Global Water international exhibition, reported the ministry’s...


Kazakhstan to Allocate Over $110 Million Investment in Renewable Energy in 2024

ASTANA – Kazakhstan plans to invest 50 billion tenge ($110.7 million) in renewable energy sources in 2024. This allocation includes nine billion tenge ($19.9 million) for wind...


Gennadiy Golovkin’s National Olympic Committee Presidency: Landmark Moment for Kazakhstan’s Sports Evolution

ASTANA – The appointment of legendary boxer Gennadiy Golovkin as President of the National Olympic Committee (NOC) marks a significant milestone in sports development in Kazakhstan. His...


Dimash Kudaibergen to Perform in Istanbul in May

ASTANA – Kazakh pop star Dimash Kudaibergen announced the upcoming solo concert on May 24 in Istanbul, Türkiye, on his Instagram page on Feb. 19.  “I hope that...


UNICEF, EU, Kazakhstan Collaborate to Aid Children Returning from Conflict Zones

ASTANA – The first meeting of the coordination working group for the joint program of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the European Union (EU), and Kazakhstan...


World Bank Approves $92.43 Million for Kazakhstan Digital Acceleration Project

ASTANA — The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors approved a $92.4 million financing package for Kazakhstan Digital Acceleration for an Inclusive Economy (DARE) Project, according to...


Kazakhstan at Crossroads: Insights From Experts 

Kazakhstan is a land with a proud history stretching back thousands of years to nomadic herders and brave warriors on horseback. It is also, however, a very...


National Bank Chair Comments on Base Rate Reduction to 14.75% Amid Decelerating Inflation

ASTANA — National Bank Chairman Timur Suleimenov announced that the bank’s Monetary Policy Committee reduced the base rate to 14.75% on Feb. 23, the bank’s press service...


Trusted Financial Source: Kazatomprom Claims Top Spot Among Global Uranium Producers 

ASTANA – Kazatomprom National Atomic Company claims top position among the leading global uranium producers, according to Insider Monkey, a financial website specializing in insider trading and...


Global Environment Facility CEO Calls for Comprehensive Action in Central Asia

ASTANA — In an exclusive interview during his official visit to Kazakhstan, Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, the CEO and Chairman of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), shared insights...


Kazakhstan Welcomes First Wave of Starlink Equipment 

ASTANA – The first batch of 500 pieces of SpaceX Starlink equipment has arrived in Kazakhstan, wrote Bagdad Mussin, the Kazakh Minister of Digital Development, Innovations and...


Green Hydrogen Project to Transform Energy Landscape in Mangystau Region

ASTANA – The implementation of a green hydrogen production project will occur in the Mangystau Region, chosen for its exceptional wind conditions at altitudes greater than 100...


Magic Behind Curtains: Kazakhstan’s Theater Guide Offers Insightful Backstage Tours

ASTANA – A glimpse behind the scenes of a theater revealing the craft that goes into bringing any performance to the stage is what makes the Theater...


Photo Exhibition Sheds Light on Kazakh Nomadic Well Construction

ASTANA — Kazakh scientists have recently uncovered techniques used to build ancient nomadic wells. These wells, found in the Kazakh steppe, were sophisticated underground structures constructed for...


Year of Kazakhstan Tourism in China to Explore New Trends in Outbound Tourism

ASTANA – More than 25 events will be held to mark the Year of Kazakhstan Tourism in China. The opening ceremony is scheduled for the end of...