Tokayev Visits National Archive, Baiseitova University of Arts 

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev visited the newly completed building of the President’s Archive on Feb. 14, which has been relocated from Almaty to the capital in...


Kazakhstan Wins Gold in Men’s Hockey, Silver in Women’s at 2025 Asian Games

ASTANA – As the 2025 Asian Games in Harbin come to a close on Feb. 14, Kazakhstan celebrates impressive achievements on the ice. The men’s hockey team...


Kazakhstan Can Be Favorite Place for Neo Nomads, Says Deputy Minister

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is opening its doors wider to digital nomads and remote professionals since the launch of the Neo Nomad Visa in November. In an interview...


Kazakhstan and EU Discuss Cooperation Plans in Brussels

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Foreign Minister Roman Vassilenko held a series of meetings with representatives of key European Union institutions in Brussels to discuss the prospects for...


Uzbekistan to Host Historic First EU-Central Asia Summit in April

ASTANA — The first EU-Central Asia summit, hosted by Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, will take place on April 3-4 in Samarkand, with the participation of the leaders...


Kazakh Senate Approves Law Granting Special Status to Turkistan

ASTANA — The Senate, the upper house of the Kazakh Parliament, approved a law granting special status to Turkistan city during a Feb. 13 meeting chaired by...


Swiss Company to Invest in Сaviar Production in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Swiss Choice Holding will invest in a fish farm project on the Caspian Sea coast, aiming to produce 100 to 600 tons of sturgeon and...


President Tokayev Welcomes Political Dialogue on Ukraine

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has welcomed planned negotiations on Ukraine, emphasizing the importance of stability for Kazakhstan. He made the remarks during the City of Working...


First Comic Book About Bozok Medieval City Unveiled

ASTANA – The Bozok State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve presented the first edition of the comic book “Journey of Alikhan and Aikerim” on Feb. 12, reported the...


Kazakhstan’s Proved Oil Reserves Reach 30 Billion Barrels

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s proved oil reserves totaled 30 billion barrels as of Jan. 1, according to the United States (U.S.) Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) report, published on...


Kazakhstan to Increase Gas Supplies to China

ASTANA – QazaqGaz national company and PetroChina International have agreed to increase gas supplies to China in 2025, reported QazaqGaz’s press service. The corresponding addendum to the...


Kazakhstan to Use Recovered Assets to Build Medical and Social Center

ASTANA – The Kazakh government has allocated 2.6 billion tenge (US$5.1 million) from recovered illegally withdrawn assets to build a special social services center in the Abai...


Kazakhstan Men’s Hockey Team Reaches Asian Winter Games Finals in Harbin

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s men’s hockey team defeated China 3-1 in the semi-finals of the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin and will compete for the gold medal...


Kazakhstan’s International Reserves Surpass $45 Billion Due to Gold Purchases

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s net international reserves exceeded $45 billion in January, increasing by 3.29% over the month and by 29.7% over the year, according to statistics from...


From Davos to Central Asia: Transforming Global Change into Local Action

Standing on the global stage of the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, I was reminded of one powerful truth: change begins at the grassroots level....


New Program to Help Central Eurasian IT Companies Enter US Market

ASTANA – The Silkroad Innovation Hub has launched SCALE2US: IT Outsourcing Bootcamp, a new educational program designed to help IT outsourcing companies in Central Eurasia enter the...


Kazakhstan’s Transport Sector Sees 10% Growth in 2024, Led by Maritime Expansion

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s transportation sector experienced a 10% growth in 2024 across all modes, reported Trend on Feb. 7. A total of 1.0788 billion tons of cargo...


Kazakhstan Seeks Better Terms in Contracts with Foreign Oil Companies

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is preparing to revise its production sharing agreements (PSAs) with major foreign oil companies, securing more favorable terms for the country and meeting domestic...


Kazakhstan’s Strongman Tsyrulnikov Sets New Guinness World Record for Bursting Hot Water Bottles (Video)

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s strongman Sergey Tsyrulnikov has set a new Guinness World Record by bursting nine hot water bottles in just one minute using only his breath,...


Renewables Expose Weaknesses in Kazakhstan’s Power Sector, Transform Mindsets

ASTANA – Renewable energy generation reached 6.43% in Kazakhstan in 2024, surpassing its 2025 target a year ahead of schedule. As Kazakhstan pushes ahead with its green...


Kazakhstan, Tajikistan Strengthen Strategic Partnership

ASTANA — President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev underscored the stable and positive growth of bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan and emphasized the importance of enhancing their...


ICAO to Develop Master Plan for Kazakhstan’s Civil Aviation Industry Until 2050

ASTANA — The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) will develop a comprehensive master plan for the growth and modernization of Kazakhstan’s civil aviation sector by 2050. Kazakh...


Kazakhstan Experiences Record Low Emigration and Positive Migration Balance in 2024

ASTANA — In 2024, the number of people leaving Kazakhstan for permanent residence in another country reached its lowest level since the country’s independence, with approximately 12,800...


Kazakhstan-UK Strategic Dialogue Deepens, Focusing on Trade, Investment, Labor Rights Cooperation

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom continue to expand their bilateral strategic dialogue and cooperation steadily. Having marked a symbolic anniversary on Jan. 19, the 33rd...


Kazakh Government Reviews Key Details of Upcoming Tax Reform

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov chaired a meeting on Feb. 11 to discuss the details of upcoming tax reforms, which include changes to the value-added...


Kazakh Invest Announces Key Achievements for 2024

ASTANA – Kazakh Invest national company released a comprehensive report on Feb. 11 detailing its significant achievements in 2024 with a total of $15.7 billion in investments,...


Kazakhstan Develops Research Strategy to Safeguard Lake Balkhash

ASTANA – The Kazakh Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation is determining how to utilize 1.35 million euros (US$1.39 million) in funding from the French Development Agency...


Over 9,000 Endangered Animals Counted in Altyn-Emel National Park Census

ASTANA – A recent wildlife census in Altyn-Emel National Park recorded over 9,000 endangered animals, including 5,500 goitered gazelles, 3,600 kulans, and 190 argali, the Kazakh Ministry...


Kazakhstan’s Women in Tech Lead Innovation, Challenge Norms, Says Expert

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s tech industry growth presents tremendous opportunities for women to leave their mark, said Ayumi Moore Aoki, the founder and CEO of Women in Tech...


Kazakhstan’s Winter Games Success Continues with Biathlon Gold and Cross-Country Silver

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s national team had an impressive showing at the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin, winning two gold, one silver, and one bronze medal on...


Baikonur Cosmodrome: Celebrating 70 Years of Launching Humanity Into Space

ASTANA – In addition to its wealth of historical monuments that transport visitors to past eras, Kazakhstan is home to a site that tells a different kind...


Kazakhstan’s Direct Flights: Soaring Symbol of Enhanced Foreign Policy

Kazakhstan is recently gaining attention for its consistent attempt of expanding its direct flight connections to key global destinations. At first glance, this strategy looks like a...


Regional Cooperation and Infrastructure Upgrade are Key to Address Central Asia’s Water Challenges, US Experts Report

ASTANA – The recent report by Atlantic Council’s Eurasia Center assessed the state of water security across the five Central Asian countries, encouraging increased regional cooperation, improved...


City of Working Professions Festival Expands Career Pathways for Youth

ASTANA—The City of Working Professions festival commenced in the capital on Feb. 11 as part of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s Year of Working Professions initiative. The event, which...


Foreign Digital Companies Pay $150 Million in Taxes to Kazakhstan Over Three Years

ASTANA – Over the past three years, 101 foreign companies registered in Kazakhstan have paid 75 billion tenge (US$147.3 million) in taxes, the Kazakh Finance Ministry’s press...


Young Kazakh Football Talent to Join London’s Chelsea in Record Transfer

ASTANA – Almaty’s Kairat football team confirmed the transfer of 16-year-old forward Dastan Satpayev to London’s Chelsea Football Club on Feb. 10. He will move to London...


Kazakhstan Reaches Progress in Transparency International’s 2024 Index

ASTANA – Kazakhstan improved its ranking in Transparency International’s 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), climbing five spots to 88th place among 180 countries. The country scored 40...


Coventry University Branch Graduates Can Earn British Diplomas in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Graduates of Coventry University’s branch in Astana, which opened this academic year, can now receive a British diploma without leaving Kazakhstan. Deputy Prime Minister Tamara...


Kazakhstan Intends to Join Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has expressed its intention to join the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), as announced by Minister of Digital Development, Innovations, and Aerospace Industry...


Kazakhstan’s Freestyle Acrobatics Team Wins Historic Gold at 2025 Asian Winter Games

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s men’s freestyle acrobatics team secured a historic gold medal on Feb. 11 at the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin. Sherzod Khashirbayev and Roman...


Kazakhstan, Int’l Carriers Add New Routes for Spring Season

ASTANA – IndiGo, India’s largest low-cost airline, plans to launch a new Astana-Delhi route starting May 14, with flights operating three times a week on Airbus aircraft....


Kazakhstan Launches Year of China Tourism with Cultural Celebration

ASTANA – The Year of China Tourism in Kazakhstan was officially launched in the Kazakh capital on Feb. 8, with a vibrant cultural presentation. The event, held...


Samruk Kazyna Meeting Focuses on Investment, Infrastructure, and Digital Growth

ASTANA – Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov highlighted the crucial role of private investment in speeding up major infrastructure, industrial projects, and digitalization while emphasizing the need...


Aral Sea: Record Water Inflows and Greening Initiatives Fuel Environmental, Economic Recovery

ASTANA — Efforts to restore the Northern Aral Sea have shown significant progress. From October 2024 to January, one billion cubic meters of water were added, exceeding...


Kazakhstan to Boost Sugar Production with New Factory in Atyrau Region

ASTANA – Goldbridge International plans to construct a sugar factory in the Atyrau Region with an annual production capacity of 144,000 tons. The total investment for the...


Kazakhstan’s First Independent Peacekeeping Contingent Recognized for Exceptional Service in UN Mission

ASTANA –  Major General Anita Asmah, head of Mission and Force Commander of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), presented medals to Kazakhstan’s peacekeepers for their...


Kazakhstan Secures Historic Gold in Men’s Relay, Multiple Medals at 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin

ASTANA – Kazakhstan men’s short track team made history by winning the gold medal in the men’s 5,000-meter relay at the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin...


How Kazakhstan’s Private Sector Drives Sustainable Growth

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has made significant strides in integrating sustainable development within its private sector. According to the 2024 UN Sustainable Development Report, the country ranked 66th...


Harvard Historian Explores Evolution of Kazakh Music

ASTANA – Leora Shekufeh Eisenberg, a doctoral student at Harvard and a historian with a degree from Princeton University, has traveled to Kazakhstan to delve deeper into...


Ancient Sarmatian Burial Sites Discovered in Atyrau Region

ASTANA – The archaeologists discovered ancient Sarmatian burial sites in the Atyrau Region, dating back to the fifth century B.C. Excavations at the Karabau-2 mound, located 10...


Youth Will Shape Kazakhstan Into Global Leader, Says President Tokayev

ASTANA — Kazakhstan stands at a pivotal moment in its history, with ambitious goals for the future, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said at the Zhana Adamdar (New People)...


Kazakhstan, Nigeria Strengthen Economic and Political Cooperation

ASTANA — Kazakh Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Alibek Kuantyrov met with a Nigerian business delegation on Feb. 6, led by Adeni Adesodji, representative of the Kingdom...


New Documentary Captures Kazakhstan’s Efforts to Save Caspian Seals

ASTANA – The Institute of Hydrobiology and Ecology has recently released “On the Shoals of the Caspian Sea, the Call of the Seals” documentary, featuring the lives...


Kazakhstan Plans Stricter Penalties for Illegal Archaeology

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is set to toughen penalties for illegal archaeology and introduce stricter regulations in the field. The corresponding project has been developed and is currently...


Kazakhstan’s Three New Visa Categories Open Doors for Professionals, Entrepreneurs

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has launched three new visa categories – Neo Nomad Visa (B12-1), the Digital Nomad Visa (B9-1), and Visa for Permanent Residence (B9) – for...


Discover Top Weekend Activities in Astana and Almaty 

ASTANA – As the weekend approaches, it’s the perfect time to indulge in relaxation and entertainment through a variety of enriching activities. Whether you’re drawn to captivating...


VAT Rate Should Be Differentiated, Says President Tokayev

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev instructed the government further to study the value-added tax (VAT) rate issue, stating that it should be differentiated. According to Akorda, speaking...


Kazakhstan Secures Investment Deals Worth Nearly $5.8 Billion in 2024

ASTANA – Kazakhstan concluded more than 100 investment contracts totaling approximately three trillion tenge (US$5.8 billion) last year, First Deputy Prime Minister Roman Sklyar said during an...


Kazakh Artists to Showcase Culture at Singapore’s Chingay Parade

ASTANA — Kazakh artists from Astana Opera, Kazakh National University of Arts (Shabyt), and the Kazakh National Academy of Choreography will represent Kazakhstan at the Chingay Parade...


30 Years of Beijing Declaration: Central Asia Pushes for Gender Equality Progress

ASTANA — Representatives from Central Asian regional organizations, development partners, private sector and civil society convened for a high-level meeting hosted by the Kazakh government and UN...


News Digest: Foreign Media on Central Asia’s Global Partnerships, Cooperation on Middle Corridor and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has curated a selection of articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest includes topics such as the...


Kazakhstan Uses Recovered Assets to Build Another School

ASTANA – The Kazakh government has allocated 1.4 billion tenge (US$2.7 million) from recovered illegally withdrawn assets to build a new school in Koksai village, the Zhetisu...


Tourist Numbers from China to Kazakhstan Surge 78% in 2024

ASTANA – Kazakhstan welcomed 655,000 Chinese tourists in 2024, a 78% increase from the previous year, Nurtas Karipbayev, the chairman of the Tourism Industry Committee of the...


All-Female Orchestra Empowers Kazakh Women to Pursue Their Dreams Through Music

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s first all-female orchestra founders are convinced that music and solidarity can help Kazakh women follow their passion for art and defy the conventions of...


Sixth EU-Central Asia Meeting: Despite Economic Growth, Afghanistan’s Situation Remains Dire

ASTANA — Despite the observed economic growth, the situation in Afghanistan remains dire — a quarter of the population is starving. This was noted at the sixth...


Kazakhstan-Norway Relations: Path Toward Deeper Collaboration

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s strategic position at the crossroads of East and West, balancing state control with a growing market economy, gives it a unique role in global...


Kazakhstan Conducts 100th Donor Heart Transplant

ASTANA — The University Medical Center (UMC) Heart Center medical team successfully performed the 100th donor heart transplant in Kazakhstan on Feb. 4, according to the UMC’s...


Kazakh Historian’s Books on Turkic Heritage Reach New Audiences with Multilingual Translations

ASTANA – Kazakh statesman and scholar Darkhan Kydyrali presented a collection of his books on common Turkic history, “Daşa Yazılan Tarix” (History Written on Stone), translated into...


How US Policy Changes Impact Kazakhstan’s Renewable Energy Goals

ASTANA – Experts warn that declining global interest in climate initiatives could hinder investments in Kazakhstan’s green economy after U.S. President Donald Trump declared a state of...


Plácido Domingo, José Carreras, Stjepan Hauser, and Dimash Qudaibergen Unite for Iconic “My Way” Song

ASTANA — Opera legends Plácido Domingo and José Carreras, along with renowned cellist Stjepan Hauser and world famous Kazakh singer Dimash Qudaibergen, have teamed up for a...


Kazakhstan, Georgia Focus on Expanding Trade and Transport Collaboration

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu met with Georgian Foreign Minister Maka Botchorishvili on Feb. 6 to discuss strengthening bilateral relations in...


Kazakhstan and Georgia Strengthen Political and Economic Ties

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze on Feb. 6 to discuss strengthening political, economic and regional cooperation, with a focus...


Kazakhstan’s Special Forces Units Win Silver at SWAT Challenge in Dubai

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s Sunkar special forces unit earned silver at the prestigious SWAT Challenge in Dubai, where over 100 teams from 80 countries tested their skills in...


Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan Industrial Cooperation Center Set for 2027 Launch, Boosting Regional Trade

ASTANA — Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are taking steps to boost their economic ties. Deputies of Mazhilis, a lower house of the Kazakh Parliament, ratified an agreement to...


SCAT Airlines to Launch New Shymkent-Budapest Route in May 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s SCAT Airlines will introduce a new route connecting Shymkent to Budapest starting from May 27. The flights will operate twice a week, on Tuesdays...


IMF Projects Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth to Stabilize at 3.5% in 2025

ASTANA— The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects Kazakhstan’s economic growth to stabilize at approximately 3.5% in the medium term, with inflation expected to ease further and reach...


Kazakhstan Unlikely to Be Impacted by US-China Trade Dispute, Says Official 

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Minister of Trade and Integration Kairat Torebayev reassured that the U.S.-China trade conflict will not affect Kazakhstan’s market, citing differing consumer demands. The...


Kazakhstan’s Alimkhanuly to Defend IBF, WBO Titles Against Unbeaten Ngamissengue in Historic Fight

ASTANA – Undefeated Unified Middleweight World Champion, Kazakhstan’s boxer Janibek Alimkhanuly is set to make history as the first Kazakh Unified World Champion to defend his titles...


Kazakh, Georgian PMs Discuss Key Initiatives to Boost Bilateral Relations

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and Georgia are set to boost their bilateral cooperation, as Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov met with his Georgian counterpart Irakli Kobakhidze on Feb....


Kazakhstan Provides Multilingual Information System for Tourist Safety

ASTANA – Foreign travelers arriving in Kazakhstan will now receive a special card with a QR code linking to the SafeTravel.kz multilingual website, the Interior Ministry reported...


Kazakhstan Allocates $2.7 Million in Recovered Assets to Build New School

ASTANA – The Kazakh government has allocated over 1.4 billion tenge (US$2.7 million) from recovered illegally withdrawn assets to build a new school in the Ulytau Region,...


Kazakhstan Sets Priorities for Economic Cooperation Organization Chairmanship

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Foreign Minister Alibek Bakayev outlined Kazakhstan’s priorities as chair of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) during the first ECO High-Level Committee meeting on...


Kazakhstan to Provide 100% Mobile Internet Coverage on Roads by 2027

ASTANA — Under the Accessible Internet project, Kazakhstan will provide mobile internet access on all national and regional roads by 2027, Minister of Digital Development, Innovations and...


Experts See Strong Growth Potential as Kazakhstan Sends First Kashagan Oil via Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s first shipment of crude oil from the Kashagan field via the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline signals a growing partnership between Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, with the...


Almaty Museum of Arts Launches Official Website

ASTANA – Almaty Museum of Arts has launched an official website, offering a digital archive and database to provide researchers and contemporary art lovers access to its...


Preliminary Report on AZAL Crash Reveals Sonic Boom, Mid-Air Failures

ASTANA — Flight data from the Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL) Embraer-190 crash near Aktau last December indicate a sonic boom at 05:13:31, followed by an autopilot and throttle...


Italy Includes Mangystau in Travel Tour Catalog

ASTANA – An Italian tour operator has added eco-friendly routes of Kazakhstan’s Mangystau Region to its travel catalog alongside trips to Almaty and the Turkistan Region, Kazakh...


Central Asia’s Investment Boom: 40% Surge in Mutual Investments 

ASTANA — Investment ties among Central Asian countries continue to strengthen. By the end of the first half of 2024, intraregional accumulated investments in the region Asia...


UN Expert Spotlights Kazakhstan’s Achievements in Digitalization

ASTANA — Kazakhstan, a frontrunner in digital transformation, is no longer just adopting the world’s best practices—it is emerging as an enabler, said Vincenzo Aquaro, chief of...


Kazakh President, Turkmen Foreign Minister Enhance Ties, Focus on Regional Cooperation

ASTANA — Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with Turkmen Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers and Foreign Minister Rashid Meredov on Feb. 4 to discuss cooperation...


Kazakhstan’s Population Surpasses 20.2 Million, Grows 1.26% in 2024

ASTANA — The population of Kazakhstan surpassed 20.2 million as of Jan. 1, according to the figures released by the Bureau of National Statistics. The number of...


KazAID Hosts Int’l Workshop to Boost Customs Innovation, Risk Management in Central Asia

ASTANA – Young customs professionals from across Central Asia and the Caucasus are strengthening their skills and exploring the latest methods in risk management and efficient trade...


Kazakhstan Reaffirms OPEC+ Pledge, Plans to Meet Production Goals in 2025-2026

ASTANA – Kazakhstan reaffirmed its commitment to the OPEC+ agreement during the 58th meeting of the OPEC+ Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee, which took place via video conference...


Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic Strengthen Ties With Promising New Ventures

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic are deepening their trade and economic ties, with bilateral trade reaching $1.6 billion in January-November 2024. This milestone was discussed...


Jibek Joly Tourist Train Brings Festive Journey Along Silk Road This March

ASTANA – The Jibek Joly (Silk Road in Kazakh) train offers a five-day adventure across Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan for the Nauryz holiday on March 20-25, making it...


Kazakh Expert Highlights Education as Catalyst for Economic Growth

ASTANA – Investment in education could be a powerful catalyst for economic growth, said Dossym Besbay, an entrepreneur in education and medicine and founder of the EPG...


Astana International Forum Returns in 2025 After One-Year Break

ASTANA – After a one-year pause, the Astana International Forum is set to return this year. The forum, which was postponed in 2024 due to financial constraints...


Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan Set to Double Trade and Strengthen Ties

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are strengthening their ties with a renewed commitment to boosting trade, energy, and regional cooperation. Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister...


Digital Almaty 2025 Explores AI Transformations, Business Growth

ASTANA — The 7th International Digital Almaty Forum gathered global tech leaders, officials, and investors for an extensive program exploring artificial intelligence’s (AI) transformative impact on governance...


IMF Sheds Light on Global AI Trends, Encourages Central Asia to Invest More in AI

ASTANA — According to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Gen-AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work report, AI’s impact on the global economy is profound yet...